A sizable portion of White America has long been tone deaf in owning up to its
history of enslaving and later disenfranchising African-Americans, a fact as
true today as it was 55 years ago when ABC debuted its post-Civil War western
"The Rebel." The series came to life only because of the tenacity of
actor Nick Adams, who persuaded producer Andrew J. Fenady at a cocktail party,
according to a cover story in the August 13, 1960 edition of TV Guide, to develop a series that he
could star in since all of his film roles to that point had been supporting
ones and Adams desperately wanted to be a star. Adams had settled on an acting
career after growing up poor In Jersey City, the son of a former Pennsylvania
coal miner, because he wanted to "be somebody," rejecting his
father's advice to learn a trade because he wanted to make "a lot of
money." According to the TV Guide
account, it was Adams who pitched the general concept of the series to Fenady,
but it isn't clear why he settled on portraying a former Confederate soldier
who wanders the southwest ostensibly searching for a place to settle down
without any clear idea of where or what that would be. Where Adams got his
affinity for the Old South is equally puzzling since he grew up in the north,
but he appears to have relished or at least embraced the underdog, outsider
role, perhaps because of his poor upbringing and the fact that he didn't have
the height or the good looks to be a Hollywood leading man. It's also extremely
ironic that Adams appeared with James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause and became best friends with the actor until
his untimely death in1955, after which he befriended Elvis Presley during the
filming of Love Me Tender, a Civil
War period piece. Adams also named his only son Jeb Stuart Adams after the
famous general who was considered the knight errant of the Confederacy. Adams'
apparent fondness for the Confederacy as some sort of noble lost cause seems as
clueless as his idea early on that he could simply show up at a theatre and audition
without any prior theatrical training, another true anecdote mentioned in the TV Guide article.
Fenady, in an interview for Boyd Magers' Western Clippings web site, says that he
saw Adams' character Johnny Yuma as a kind of Jack London out west, an aspiring
writer who had to live the adventures he would later write about. And the Yuma
character does keep a journal in which we see him writing during perhaps half
the episodes. Fenady saw this angle as unique amongst the current crop of
westerns, but it isn't far removed from the newspaper stories being written by
narrator and newspaper publisher Harris Claibourne of Tombstone Territory crossed with any of a number of wandering
knights errant in series such as Cheyenne,
Bronco, The Texan, and Sugarfoot.
The series is also like Bronco in
chronicling a hero who served in the Confederate Army, and like Bronco it never even so much as mentions
the primary cause of the Civil War--slavery.
Johnny Yuma's backstory is perhaps intentionally murky. The
titular pilot episode "Johnny Yuma" (October 4, 1959) begins two
years after the War's end with Yuma returning to his hometown of Mason City.
Why he took two years to return home isn't explained and neither is his
decision to join the Confederate Army, though there is a vague reference to his
wanting to get away from home during a troublesome time, a suggestion that
perhaps he did not get along with his father. But it is his father's honor that
he has to restore in this episode. His father was the lawman of the town but
was shot down by a gang who have since taken over the town. His aunt and her
timid husband offer no resistance to the gang, so it is up to Yuma to confront
and kill them. Afterward he has no sense of peace and feeling of home for a
town that wouldn't come to his father's aid, so he sets out on his adventures
not sure where he is going or what he is seeking but is encouraged to keep a
journal of his affairs by the local newspaper publisher Elmer Dodson. He
returns to Mason City and we find him working as a press operator for Dodson in
the episode "The Bequest" (September 25, 1960), though why he came
back and how long he has been there are not explained. He stays just long
enough to try to help a simple-minded friend Jeremy Hake, who goes berserk when
he learns his daughter needs an operation he can't afford and ends up shooting
and killing a stagecoach driver in a failed attempt to rob the stage to pay for
her operation. When Hake disappears but then returns late one night to seek
Yuma's help, Yuma does his best but has to fend off two greedy bounty hunters
eager to claim the reward on Hake's head. Hake urges Yuma to turn him in and
then forward the reward money to his wife for his daughter's operation but
winds up getting shot by the bounty hunters, who are then gunned down by Yuma.
The citizens of Mason City assume that when Yuma collects the reward money that
he has betrayed his friend Hake to enrich himself, though Dodson eventually
learns the truth. But rather than allowing the newspaper publisher to print
what really happened, he turns his fellow citizens' ignorance into an excuse to
leave town again as the misunderstood hero.
This sense of misplaced southern martyrdom is shown
elsewhere in the series as well. In "Noblesse Oblige" (February 14,
1960) southern belle Cassandra Bannister complains to Yuma that she is also a
casualty of the war because the number of young Confederate soldiers killed has
reduced the pool of potential suitors. She isn't helped by her overly proud
father who shoots her lover because he considers the suitor beneath their
exalted station. In "The Death of Gray" (January 3, 1960) former
Confederate officer Col. Charles Morris tells Yuma he can't even bear to return
to the South to see its destruction after the War, so instead he teams up with
a band of cut-throat marauders who steal from and kill innocent ranchers,
though by episode's end a banker's daughter's kidnapping gone awry convinces
him of the error of his ways and he agrees to turn himself in.
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The theme song for The
Rebel was composed by Richard
Markowitz with lyrics by Fenady and was sung by country music icon Johnny Cash.
Richard Allen Markowitz was born in Santa Monica, California and in high school
led a big band called Dick Allen and the Teenagers. He served in the military
during World War II and then studied music in Paris under Arnold Schoenberg and
Arthur Honegger. His career in film and TV composing didn't get started until
1958 when he scored the feature Stakeout
on Dope Street, which was produced by Fenady and directed by Rebel director Irvin Kershner. His other late 50s work
continued in the teen exploitation genre: The
Hot Angel, The Young Captives, Roadracers, and Operation Dames, all from 1958-59. While his work on The Rebel opened up other TV
opportunities, such as Philip Marlowe,
Dr. Kildare, and Ben Casey, he also continued working on feature films such as Hoodlum Priest, The Magic Sword, and Bus
Riley's Back in Town, as well as TV movies like The Scalplock, which was later adapted into the TV series The Iron Horse. Perhaps his breakout
work was the theme and scores for the first two seasons of The Wild, Wild West. From there he found steady work on many TV
series into the early 1990s, most notably on The F.B.I. (16 episodes), Police
Story (34 episodes), and Murder, She
Wrote (71 episodes). His daughter Kate had a platinum-selling single in
Germany in the 1990s under the name of Kate Yanai (her mother's maiden name). He
died December 6, 1994 at age 68.
The complete series has been released on DVD by Timeless Media Group.
The Actors
Nick Adams
Nicholas Aloysius Adamshock was born in Nanticoke,
Pennsylvania, the son of a Ukranian immigrant coal miner. When Adams was 5
years old, his uncle was killed in a mining accident, so his father moved the
family as far away as his money would take them, which turned out to be Jersey
City, New Jersey. His father found work as a janitor, and his mother worked for
Western Electric. At the age of 17 Adams decided he wanted to be an actor but
was so naive that, with no prior training, he showed up at a New York theater
where The Silver Tassie was holding
auditions. By chance he there met actor Jack Palance, and when Palance
discovered that they both came from Ukranian-immigrant Pennsylvania coal-mining
backgrounds, he steered Adams to a junior theater production of Tom Sawyer in which Adams was cast as
Muff Potter. After a year of acting for no pay in New York, Adams hitch-hiked
to Los Angeles and worked a number of odd jobs, from which he typically got
fired, but also acted in a Las Palmas Theater production and filled in for
Pearl Bailey once at the Mocambo nightclub. He finally landed an uncredited
part in 1952's Somebody Loves Me, but
his bigger break came after joining the Coast Guard and docking in Long Beach
where John Ford was casting for the film version of Mister Roberts. Adams showed up at an audition in uniform and did
impressions of James Cagney and other celebrities, ending with an impression of
Morse code that spelled out "Give the kid a break." Ford was
impressed enough to give Adams a small supporting part. The next year he landed
supporting roles in box office smashes Picnic
and Rebel Without a Cause, where he
met and befriended James Dean. After Dean's tragic death, Adams attempted to
exploit his connection with the star in order to further his own career,
claiming he was being stalked by a female Dean fan and posing for photos at
Dean's grave. It wasn't long before he met and became close friends with Elvis
Presley. Presley biographer Elaine Dundy spoke ill of Adams as an actor
"whose main scheme to further his career was to hitch his wagon to a
star." Adams continued getting decent supporting roles, the best being
alongside Andy Griffith in No Time for
Sergeants, but he appeared to be frustrated by the lack of leading roles,
which was his main impetus in persuading Fenady to develop The Rebel.
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Notable Guest Stars
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Season 1, Episode 14, "Angry
Town": Jack Elam (Deputy J.D. Smith on The
Dakotas, George Taggart on Temple
Houston, Zack Wheeler on The Texas
Wheelers, and Uncle Alvin Stevenson on Easy
Street) plays a small-town lawyer. Perry Cook (Barney Udall on Hunter) plays town deputy Leach. Ron
Soble (Dirty Jim on The Monroes)
plays dead sheriff's brother Flint.
Season 1, Episode 15, "Gold
Seeker": John Sutton (appeared in Jane
Eyre, The Three Musketeers(1948),
and The Return of the Fly) plays the
unnamed gold seeker.
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Season 1, Episode 17, "The Unwanted": Trevor Bardette (shown on the left, see the biography section for the 1960 post on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays dead soldier's father Sam Amister. Gregory Irvin (Johnny Brady on Dennis the Menace) plays his grandson. Carleton Young (starred in Dick Tracy (1937), The Brigand, Thunderhead - Son of Flicka, and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance and played Harry Steeger on The Court of Last Resort) plays Perdition Sheriff John Peeples. Buck Young (Deputy Buck Johnson on U.S. Marshal and Sergeant Whipple on Gomer Pyle: USMC) plays Amister antagonist Salvo. Joseph V. Perry (Nemo on Everybody Loves Raymond) plays blacksmith customer Brad Evans. Vinton Hayworth (see the biography section for the 1961 post on Lawman) plays physician Dr. Elliott.
Season 1, Episode 18, "The Crime":
Walter Sande (appeared in To Have and
Have Not, A Place in the Sun, and
Bad Day at Black Rock and played
Capt. Horatio Bullwinkle on The
Adventures of Tugboat Annie and Papa Holstrum on The Farmer's Daughter) plays Mexican Hat Sheriff Amos Cannon. Richard
Devon (Jody Barker on Yancy Derringer)
plays his deputy Clyde Vollmer.
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Season 1, Episode 20, "Land":
Ralph Moody (see the biography section for the 1961 post on The Rifleman) plays Nebraska Judge Parks.
Ross Elliott (Freddie the director on The Jack Benny Program and Sheriff Abbott on The
Virginian) plays physician Dr. Mac. Charles Maxwell (Special Agent Joe
Carey on I Led 3 Lives and the voice
of the radio announcer on Gilligan's
Island) plays gunman Joe Falton.
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Season 1, Episode 22, "Take
Dead Aim": Edgar Barrier (appeared in Phantom
of the Opera (1943), Adventures in
Silverado, Macbeth (1948), and Snow White and the Three Stooges and
played Don Cornelio Esperon on Zorro)
plays trick-shooter The Great Bianco. Mala Powers (starred in Cyrano de Bergerac, Rose of Cimarron, and Tammy
and the Bachelor and played Rebecca Boone on Walt Disney's Daniel Boone and Mona on Hazel) plays his wife Cassie.
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Season 1, Episode 24, "You
Steal My Eyes": Cathy O'Donnell (starred in The Best Years of Our Lives, They
Live by Night, Detective Story, The Man From Laramie, The Deerslayer, and Ben-Hur) plays blind trapper's daughter Prudence Gant. William
Bryant (see "Glory" above) plays gang leader Hump.
Season 1, Episode 25, "Fair
Game": Patricia Medina (Margarita Cortazar on Zorro) plays accused murderess Cynthia Kenyon. James Drury (The
Virginian on The Virginian and
Captain Spike Ryerson on Firehouse)
plays her accomplice Bert Pace. Stacy Harris (see the biography section for the
1960 post on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays drummer Cramer. James Chandler (Lt. Girard on Bourbon Street Beat) plays bounty hunter
Farnum.
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Season 1, Episode 27, "The Captive
of Tremblor": Robert Brubaker (Deputy Ed Blake on U.S. Marshal and Floyd on Gunsmoke)
plays captive physician Dr. Sam Bates. James Seay (see the biography section
for the 1960 post on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays town patriarch Jethro Gain. John Pickard (Capt. Shank
Adams on Boots and Saddles and Sgt.
Maj. Murdock on Gunslinger) plays
Tremblor Marshal Drown. Guy Wilkerson (played Panhandle Perkins in 22 westerns,
and Theodore Lehmann, the narrator on Around
the World With Willy Fogg and Grimm Masterpiece
Theatre and voiced High Dingy Doo on Noozles,
the Commander and Zero on Captain Harlock
and the Queen of a Thousand Years, and Mayor Lion on Maple Town) plays a saddle tramp.
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Season 1, Episode 30, "A
Grave for Johnny Yuma": Olan Soule (Aristotle "Tut" Jones on Captain Midnight, Ray Pinker on Dragnet (1952-59), and Fred Springer on Arnie) plays hotel clerk Mr. Dover.
Season 1, Episode 31, "In
Memory of a Son": Jack Hogan (starred in The Bonnie Parker Story, Paratroop
Command, and The Cat Burglar and
played Kirby on Combat!, Sgt. Jerry
Miller on Adam-12, Chief Ranger Jack
Moore on Sierra, and Judge Smithwood
on Jake and the Fatman) plays Yuma's
former Army mate Vic Nielsen. Richard Evans (Paul Hanley on Peyton Place) plays former Army mate
Tony Parlio.
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Season 1, Episode 33, "Grant
of Land": Paul Richards (appeared in Playgirl
and Beneath the Planet of the Apes
and played Louy Kassoff on The Lawless Years) plays former Army chaplain Paul Travis. Ruta Lee (appeared in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, Funny Face, and Witness for the Prosecution and played Rona on 1st and Ten: The Championship and Pauline Spencer on Coming of Age) plays land owner Ellen
Barton. Ed Nelson (Michael Rossi on Peyton
Place and Ward Fuller on The Silent
Force) plays her hired hand Chad.
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Season 1, Episode 35, "Lady
of Quality": Joanna Moore (mother of Tatum and Griffin O'Neal, appeared in
Touch of Evil, Son of Flubber, and Never a
Dull Moment and played Peggy McMillan on The Andy Griffith Show) plays deranged widow Barbara Dyer. Ed
Kemmer (Commander Buzz Corry on Space
Patrol, Paul Britton on The Secret
Storm, and Dick Martin on As the
World Turns) plays physician Dr. Curtis. Bart Burns (Capt. Pat Chambers on Mike Hammer) plays buffalo hunter Packer.
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Season 2, Episode 1, "Johnny
Yuma at Appomattox": William Bryant (see "Glory" above) plays
Union Army Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. George Macready (Martin Peyton on Peyton Place) plays Confederate Gen. Robert
E. Lee. Andrew J. Fenady (see "The Earl of Durango" above) plays Union
Gen. Philip Sheridan. Ed Nelson (see "Grant of Land" above) plays Confederate
soldier Doug. Robert Hickman (makeup artist who worked on Creature From the Black Lagoon and Around the World in Eighty Days as well as TV series Burke's Law, Honey West, and H.R. Pufnstuf)
plays a wounded Confederate soldier. J. Pat O'Malley (see the biography section
for the 1961 post on Frontier Circus)
plays Abilene newspaper publisher McCune. Teddy Rooney (son of actors Mickey
Rooney and Martha Vickers) plays his grandson Jimmy.
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Season 2, Episode 3, "The
Champ": Michael Ansara (appeared in Julius
Caesar, The Robe, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, and Harum Scarum, played Cochise on Broken Arrow and Deputy U.S. Marshal Sam
Buckhart on The Rifleman and the Law of the Plainsman, and voiced
General Warhawk on Rambo) plays
washed-up boxer Docker Mason. Ed Kemmer (see "Lady of Quality" above)
plays his manager Jake Wiley. Chuck Hicks (LaMarr Kane on The Untouchables) plays boxer The Frontier Kid. John Indrisano (real-life
professional boxer and referee, played John the Chauffeur on O.K. Crackerby!) plays the fight referee.
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Season 2, Episode 6,
"Deathwatch": James Best (see "Night on a Rainbow" above)
plays Confederate general's son Abel Waares. Frank Silvera (Don Sebastian
Montoya on The High Chaparral) plays yaqui
leader Cota.
Season 2, Episode 7, "Run,
Killer, Run": Richard Jaeckel (see "The Rattler" above) plays fleeing
killer Traskel. John Pickard (see "The Captive of Tremblor" above)
plays patrolling Sheriff Pruett. Ed Nelson (see "Grant of Land" above)
plays an unnamed deputy looking for Traskel.
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Season 2, Episode 9, "The Legacy":
Jon Lormer (see "Night on a Rainbow" above) plays Mecca City judge
Adam Ricker. Robert Hutton (appeared in Destination
Tokyo, Time Out of Mind, The Man on the Eiffel Tower, They Came From Beyond Space, and Trog) plays his son and prosecuting
attorney Vance. James Chandler (see "Fair Game" above) plays his son
and sheriff Bill. Paul Picerni (see "He's Only a Boy" above) plays his
son and defense attorney Lee. Soupy Sales (host of The Soupy Sales Show) plays a blacksmith.
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Season 2, Episode 11, "Explosion":
L.Q. Jones (see "The Earl of Durango" above) plays bank-robbing
killer Roy Shandell. Douglas Spencer (appeared in The Thing From Another World, Shane,
This Island Earth, River of No Return, and The Diary of Anne Frank) plays her
father Joe. Ross Elliott (see "Land" above) plays local Sheriff
Barney Cagle. Gregory Irvin (see "The Unwanted" above) plays his son
Davey.
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Season 2, Episode 14, "Berserk":
Tom Drake (starred in Meet Me in St.
Louis, Mr. Belvedere Goes to College, and The Sandpiper) plays war-addled Kansas Sheriff Mat Dunsen. K.T. Stevens
(Vanessa Prentiss on The Young and the
Restless) plays his wife. Dan Barton (Det. Sgt. Burke on Dan Raven) plays his deputy Frank
Maggio. Robert Brubaker (see "The Captive of Tremblor" above) plays
trigger-happy citizen Picquete. Arthur Peterson (The Major on Soap) plays town physician Doc Jons.
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