The story of the American old west being told in the first
half of the 20th century was one of mythic legend, or brave white settlers who
built the greatest nation on earth by trudging across barren deserts while
fending off savage Indians and lawless Mexican banditos, as well as morally
bankrupt, greedy members of their own race. It took singular men of exceptional
courage and skill to maintain law and order in such a dangerous land. At least
that's the story told in movies and on television produced by white men for
white audiences. But by 1960, as the civil rights movement began to gain
traction in the United States, other versions of this narrative began to seep
into popular culture. As we have already seen in posts about other western TV
series on this blog, stories of noble Native Americans who are abused and
misrepresented by greedy whites found their way into plots on mainstream
programs. All of which makes the foundation of Tombstone Territory, which ran for two seasons, 1957-59, on ABC and
then one final 1959-60 season in syndication, a bit paradoxical because it
purports to be based on actual stories published in the Tombstone Epitaph newspaper during the 1880s yet portrays these
stories using fictional characters and familiar narratives.
Tombstone Territory
was produced by Frank Pittman and Andy White of Ziv Productions, who also
produced another marginally historical western, Bat Masterson, though that series debuted the season after Tombstone Territory was launched. To
bolster the historical authenticity of their series, Pittman and White made a
point of crediting Epitaph editor
Clayton Smith and historian D'Estelle Iszard as consultants at the end of each
episode, and the biography of Smith from the Epitaph's current web site (tombstoneepitaph.com) notes that he
encouraged researchers to use the files of the newspaper to help promote the
town's place in the history of the old west. The problem for Pittman and White
was that someone had already beaten them to the punch in developing a TV series
centered around Tombstone's most legendary lawman, Wyatt Earp. So they had to
create the fictional Sheriff Clay Hollister as his stand-in. Like the TV
version of Earp (though quite different from the historical Earp), Hollister is
a bolt upright beacon of integrity--he can't be bought off, and he always
follows the rule of law, even if he thinks the accused is innocent. And because
the founder of the Epitaph, John P.
Clum, sold his interest in the paper and left town in mid-1882, while the TV
series covered stories that, according to the dates given in each episode, ran
as late as 1888, they also created the fictional Harris Claibourne as the Epitaph's editor and the series'
narrator.
The character of Claibourne serves an interesting role in
the series. As narrator and chronicler of the town's events, he is the voice of
authenticity, but he also serves as Hollister's best friend and frequent
sidekick on dangerous adventures, even though Hollister has at least two
deputies, Quint and Pete, who show up in various episodes. As a sidekick,
however, he is of questionable value: when he isn't being held hostage by
evildoers, as in "State's Witness" (January 22, 1960) and "The
Hostage" (April 8, 1960), he's getting shot, as in "Crime Epidemic"
(July 1, 1960), thereby forcing Hollister to delay his pursuit of escaping bank
robbers to tend to his injury. The historical editor Clum wasn't an impartial
journalist, using his newspaper to promote the local economy and call out
businessmen whom he thought were dealing dirty, and the fictional Claibourne
can be easily persuaded by Hollister to publish doctored stories or
advertisements in order to fool criminal elements. In "Coded
Newspaper" (March 18, 1960), Hollister has Claibourne change a coded ad
taken out by crooked silver mine manager John Whittaker for all copies
distributed outside Tombstone in order to trick Whittaker's accomplices about
where the next silver shipment is headed. And in "The Treaty" (June
10, 1960) Hollister has Claibourne publish a story about a fictitious meeting
between U.S. Army General Crook and Apache chief Geronimo in order to lure
Apache renegade Manitou, who is against any peace treaty, into a trap.
Speaking of Apaches, they don't come off well in Tombstone Territory. Though we hear that
Geronimo desires peace, we never see him in "The Treaty," only his
insurgent lieutenant Manitou, who massacres a stagecoach traveling to Tombstone
and a telegraph operator in a small town south of there. In "The Innocent
Man" (May 13, 1960) Hollister, Claibourne, and the Sonoita sheriff and his
deputy are attacked by renegade Apaches for no apparent reason, other than the
fact that they're renegade Apaches. Mexicans are also stereotypically corrupt,
as shown in "Juan Diega" (July 8, 1960), in which the title character
is trying to finance the overthrow of his own government by robbing banks in
the U.S. Mexico itself is a lawless place, as in "Girl From
Philadelphia" (April 29, 1960) in which outlaw Ben Quaid kidnaps his late
girlfriend's sister and escapes to Sulfur City, south of the border, until
Hollister shows up to rescue her. In fact, any outlaw on the lam heads to
Mexico.
When not having to be rescued, women can often be femme
fatales, again in a stereotypical fashion that suggests that even if the basic
story on which the episode is founded in fact, its development inevitably leads
to a cliched plot seen in countless other westerns. "The Bride"
(February 5, 1960) is a classic black widow story in which an attractive young
woman lures a wealthy older man into marriage so that her male accomplice can
knock him off and she can inherit his estate. "Silver Killers"
(February 26, 1960) follows a similar pattern, only here a female saloon owner
provides a grubstake that makes her a partner with a silver miner, then has a
hired assassin kill him once he strikes it rich. In "The Siesta
Killer" (May 20, 1960), a greedy woman allows a neurotic short man to cajole
her into killing a series of hotel clerks so that he can have revenge on taller
men while she receives the money she craves by emptying the hotel cash
register. Even the one episode that shows a woman stepping outside the accepted
norm in a positive way, "The Lady Lawyer" (February 19, 1960), has
her retreat to being a flirt who can't resist a man in uniform by story's end.
Besides the stereotypical femme fatale narrative, Tombstone Territory is replete with the
business embezzler who stages heists from his own company to make it look like
they are perpetrated by outside outlaws, as in the aforementioned "Coded
Newspaper" and "The Lady Lawyer," in which the titular character
defends a mine foreman accused of robbing his boss when it turns out that the
latter is stealing from his own company. And then there's the story about the
family member who kills his own relation but tries to divert the blame to
someone else in "Revenge" (April 1, 1960), in which a son shoots his
outlaw father but claims that Hollister shot him while trying to bring him in,
then persuades his sister that she must lure Hollister into an ambush to avenge
the loss of the father. These plots have been recycled in many other westerns
from the same era, all of which undercuts the stated intention of the series to
tell it the way it was in "the town too tough to die."
In other words, by creating idealized characters and reverting
to time-worn narratives, even if some of the particulars derive from actual
accounts from the 1880s, Tombstone
Territory shoots itself in the foot, because rather than authenticating the
mythic account of the old west, it only reinforces its artificiality.
The theme song for Tombstone
Territory, "Whistle Me Up a Memory," was composed and sung by
William M. Backer. Though one source claims that Backer was an advertising
executive, it isn't clear if this is the same William M. Backer who is in the
Advertising Hall of Fame for creating, among other memorable jingles, the
Things Go Better With Coke commercials and the iconic "I'd Like to Buy the
World a Coke" hillside commercial.
The complete series has been released on DVD by Timeless Media Group.
The Actors
Pat Conway
Patrick Douglas Conway was born in Los Angeles, the son of
actor, director, and producer Jack Conway and Virginia Bushman, daughter of
legendary silent-movie actor Francis X. Bushman. Conway grew up on his father's
cattle ranch, learning to ride and rope by age 10. He attended Menlo Junior
College and then studied acting at the Pasadena Playhouse, followed by a stint
studying Shakespeare in London. After a hitch with the Marines, he returned to
Hollywood and was signed by his father's studio, MGM, making both his feature
film and TV debuts in 1951. After a series of uncredited appearances in 1952,
including playing the projectionist in Singin'
in the Rain, he got his first screen credit that same year in Above and Beyond. After a mere two
uncredited appearances in 1953 and nothing in 1954, his career began to gather
steam after that with roles on TV series such as You Are There and State
Trooper, as well as a handful of drama anthologies, and feature films such
as Screaming Eagles in 1956 and the
sci-fi thriller The Deadly Mantis the
following year. At some point he had also done some male modeling for the Men's
Apparel Guild of California. The year 1957 was also when he won the lead role
on Tombstone Territory, though he was
initially considered for a role as a deputy rather than the sheriff.
During the three years he starred on Tombstone Territory, Conway also had a few guest spots on series
like Gunsmoke, The Texan, and The
Millionaire, and he scored a few more guest spots, though not many, after
its cancellation, appearing on Laramie,
Rawhide, and Bonanza. He also appeared in only two feature films--Geronimo in 1962 and Brighty of the Canyon in 1967. Conway
was a confirmed bachelor, though linked to the actress Pamela Duncan at one
point, and enjoyed solitary pursuits such as sailing. He was a partner in a
Palm Springs motel with other actors Hugh O'Brian, Dennis Weaver, and Carolyn
Jones. Though some actors remember him as being helpful and a true
professional, Boyd Magers' Western Clippings web site says that one stuntman who worked on Tombstone Territory described him as thinking he was another Gary
Cooper, and he was a known alcoholic, which very possibly could have led to his
death at age 50 on April 24, 1981.
Richard Eastham
Dickinson Swift Eastham was born in Opelousas, Louisiana and
first made his mark in the entertainment world as a baritone. While attending
Washington University in St. Louis, he sang with the St. Louis Grand Opera, and
after a 4-year stint in the Army during World War II, he moved to New York to
perform at the New York Theatre Wing. He was the understudy to Ezio Pinza and
eventually took over his role as plantation owner Emile DeBecque in the
Broadway production of South Pacific,
a role that had him starring opposite Mary Martin and later Janet Blair. He
also played opposite Ethel Merman in one production of her Call Me Madam, a friendship that landed him his first film role, a
non-singing part in There's No Business
Like Show Business. He also became good friends with actress Marjorie Lord
when they co-starred in a 1955 San Francisco production of Anniversary Waltz. But his wife convinced him to give up his
singing career and focus solely on dramatic roles. Besides a singing appearance
in 1949 on The Ed Sullivan Show, his
dramatic TV debut came in 1955 on Max
Liebman Spectaculars and he appeared twice in the series Men of Annapolis in 1957 before landing
the role of newspaper editor Harris Claibourne on Tombstone Territory later that year. That same year he appeared in
the Bing Crosby feature Man on Fire
and as Tombstone Territory was
wrapping up he played a circus ringmaster in the Disney film Toby Tyler in 1960.
After Tombstone
bit the dust, he found occasional TV guest spots, including 4 appearances on Perry Mason and in the mid-1960s
appeared in feature films That Darn Cat!,
Not With My Wife You Don't!, and Murderer's Row, one of Dean Martin's
Matt Helm spy spoofs. Steady, if not prolific, television work continued into
the 1970s on shows like Owen Marshall,
Counselor at Law and The Streets of
San Francisco as well as occasional movie roles, such as in Tom Sawyer. In the late 1970s he found
recurring roles as Gen. Philip Blankenship on Lynda Carter's Wonder Woman and as Brinks on the
short-lived Salvage 1. As the 70s
gave way to the 1980s he appeared on The
Waltons and Quincy, M.E. before
landing another recurring role as Dr. Howell on Falcon Crest. His last two credits were in a pair of 1991 episodes
of Dallas. Later in life he succumbed
to Alzheimer's disease and died due to complications therefrom at an
assisted-living facility in Pacific Palisades at age 89 on July 10, 2005.
Quentin Sondergaard
Little is known about Quentin Charles Sondergaard of
Seattle, Washington. He broke into feature films at age 26 in 1951 playing a
character named Rambo in Badman's Gold
and the bulk of his career was spent in western films and television programs.
His TV debut came playing a drug pusher in a 1957 episode of Highway Patrol. The following year he
made the first of 24 appearances as Deputy Quint on Tombstone Territory, the only recurring role of his career. While
working on Tombstone Territory he had
occasional spots on Dragnet, Bat Masterson, and Wagon Train, to name a few, and these supporting appearances
continued after Tombstone on Gunsmoke, Bonanza, The Virginian,
and The Wild, Wild West. His last
television appearance was on a 1970 episode of Adam-12 and 10 years later he made his last film appearance in the
low-budget feature The Ghost Dance.
He died at age 59 in Riverside County, California on February 15, 1984.
Notable Guest Stars
Season 3, Episode 13, "Mine
Disasters": Donald Murphy (Ben Cabot on The Loretta Young Show) plays mine owner Anson Gurney. Tom London (starred
in Six-Shootin' Sheriff, Song of the Buckaroo, and Riders in the Sky) plays itinerant
printer Fred Ellis.
Season 3, Episode 14, "Eyewitness":
Elisha Cook, Jr. (starred in The Maltese Falcon,
The Big Sleep, The Great Gatsby (1949), and The
Killing and played Francis "Ice Pick" Hofstetler on Magnum P.I.) plays saloon sweeper Adam
Kirby. King Moody (Starker on Get Smart)
plays killer Wallach. Len Lesser (shown on the right, played Uncle Leo on Seinfeld and Garvin on Everybody
Loves Raymond) plays Wallach's friend Hugh Dawson.
Season 3, Episode 15, "The
Capture": William Phipps (see the biography section for the 1960 post on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays
outlaw Kyle Dodge. William Tannen (Deputy Hal Norton on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays visiting physician Dr.
Buell.
Season 3, Episode 16, "State's
Witness": Jan Shepard (shown on the left, played Nurse Betty on Dr.
Christian) plays dead gang member's sister Cheri Deger. John Sutton (appeared
in Jane Eyre, The Three Musketeers(1948), and The
Return of the Fly) plays the unnamed gang leader. Harry Woods (prolific
screen villain in feature films such as Jesse
James (1927), Conflict, and The Ghost Rider) plays Tombstone
physician Doc Cunningham.
Season 3, Episode 17, "The
Target": Liam Sullivan (Major Mapoy on The
Monroes, Dr. Joseph Lerner on The
Young and the Restless, and Mr. Willis on Knots Landing) plays rancher Douglas Jason. Warren Oates (starred
in In the Heat of the Night, The Wild Bunch, and Stripes and played Ves Painter on Stoney Burke) plays his gunman Vic Reel. Mickey Simpson (Boley on Captain David Grief) plays Jason
henchman Jess. Frank Warren (Officer Simpson on Highway Patrol and Art Crowley on The Andy Griffith Show) plays Hollister's deputy Pete.
Season 3, Episode 18, "The Bride":
Byron Morrow (Capt. Keith Gregory on The
New Breed, the judge 5 times on Perry Mason, and Pearce Newberry on Executive
Suite) plays Claibourne's chess opponent Bert Magraw. Linda Lawson (shown on the right, played Renee
on Adventures in Paradise, Pat Perry
on Don't Call Me Charlie, and Laura
Fremont on Ben Casey) plays his new
bride Jeannie. Edson Stroll (Virgil Edwards on McHale's Navy) plays edgy stranger Vince Sanders. Ken Christy (Bill
Franklin on Meet Corliss Archer)
plays an unnamed old timer.
Season 3, Episode 19, "Female
Killer": Mala Powers (starred in Cyrano
de Bergerac, Rose of Cimarron,
and Tammy and the Bachelor and played
Rebecca Boone on Walt Disney's Daniel
Boone and Mona on Hazel) plays convicted
killer Renee Carter. Don C. Harvey (Collins on Rawhide) plays her boyfriend Frank Fallon. Paul Sorensen (Andy
Bradley on Dallas) plays Fallon's
robbery accomplice Blake. Ken Drake (Bragan on Not for Hire) plays Pantano Marshal Dave.
Season 3, Episode 20, "The
Lady Lawyer": Kathie Browne (shown on the left, played Angie Dow on Hondo and was Darren McGavin's second wife) plays attorney Gay
Monahan. Regis Toomey (starred in Alibi,
Other Men's Women, The Finger Points, His Girl Friday, and The Big
Sleep and played Joe Mulligan on The
Mickey Rooney Show, Lt. Manny Waldo on Four
Star Playhouse, Lt. McGough on Richard
Diamond, Private Detective, Det. Les Hart on Burke's Law, and Dr. Barton Stuart on Petticoat Junction and Green
Acres) plays mine foreman Feeny Spindler. James Westerfield (appeared in The Shaggy Dog, The Absent-Minded Professor, and The Love God? and played John Murrel on The Travels of Jamie McPheeters) plays mine owner Big Jim Gerson.
Season 3, Episode 21, "Silver
Killers": Constance Ford (starred in A
Summer Place, Home From the Hill,
All Fall Down, and The Caretakers and played Ada Lucas Davis
Downs McGowan Hobson on Another World)
plays saloon owner Lily Murdock. James Seay (see the biography section in the
1960 post on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp) plays her right-hand man Matt. Hank Patterson (Fred Ziffel on Green Acres and Petticoat Junction and Hank on Gunsmoke)
plays old silver miner Tulsa Jack. Paul Sorensen (see "Female Killer"
above) plays Lily's henchman Sam. John Mitchum (see the biography section in
the 1960 post on Riverboat) plays silver
miner Hal Swanson.
Season 3, Episode 22, "Holcomb
Brothers": Harry Carey, Jr. (shown on the right, starred in Red River, She Wore a Yellow
Ribbon, Mister Roberts, and The Searchers and played Bill Burnett on
The Adventures of Spin and Marty)
plays Quartz Hill Marshal Vern Fawcett. Howard Petrie (Hugh Blaine on Bat Masterson) plays his father Gabe. Robert
Anderson (Park Street, Jr. on The Court
of Last Resort and Aeneas MacLinahan on Wichita
Town) plays outlaw Hunk Holcomb.
Season 3, Episode 23, "Young
Killers": Bern Hoffman (Sam the bartender on Bonanza) plays outlaw uncle Ben Hoskins. Frank Warren (see
"The Target" above) plays Hollister's Deputy Pete.
Season 3, Episode 24, "Coded
Newspaper": Kent Taylor (Carlos Murietta on Zorro and Capt. Jim Flagg on The
Rough Riders) plays mine manager John Whittaker.
Season 3, Episode 25, "Memory":
Allison Hayes (shown on the left, see the biography section for the 1960 post on Bat Masterson) plays bank robber Liz
Dolthan. Charles Maxwell (Special Agent Joe Carey on I Led 3 Lives and was the voice of the radio announcer on Gilligan's Island) plays her partner Jud
Packard. Walter Burke (starred in All the
King's Men, Jack the Giant Killer,
and Support Your Local Sheriff! and
played Tim Potter on Black Saddle)
plays blackmailer Harry Ames. Robert Williams (Mr. Dorfman on Dennis the Menace) plays Wells Fargo
employee Sam Wade. Bill Hickman (stunt driver who drove in the epic chase
scenes in Bullitt!, The French Connection, and The Seven-Ups) plays poker player Todd.
Season 3, Episode 26, "Revenge":
Andrew Prine (starred in The Miracle Worker,
The Devil's Brigade, Bandolero!, and Chisum and played Andy Guthrie on The Wide Country, Dr. Roger Helvick on Dr. Kildare, Timothy Pride on The
Road West, Dan Costello on W.E.B.,
and Wayne/Wyatt Donnelly on Weird Science)
plays vengeful son Noah Bell. June Blair (shown on the right, David Nelson's wife in real life and
on The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet
and Julie Greer on Two Faces West)
plays his sister Lady. Mary Anderson (starred in Bahama Passage, The Song of
Bernadette, and Lifeboat and
played Catherine Harrington on Peyton
Place) plays hotel owner Nellie Cashman.
Season 3, Episode 27, "The
Hostage": Keith Larsen (Bart Adams on The
Hunter, Brave Eagle on Brave Eagle,
Maj. Robert Rogers on Northwest Passage,
and Drake Andrews on The Aquanauts)
plays condemned man's brother John Edwards.
Season 3, Episode 28, "The
Governor": Robert F. Simon (Dave Tabak on Saints and Sinners, Gen. Alfred Terry on Custer, Frank Stephens on Bewitched,
Uncle Everett McPherson on Nancy,
Capt. Rudy Olsen on The Streets of San
Francisco, and J. Jonah Jameson on The
Amazing Spiderman) plays Arizona Territory Governor Armstrong. William
Conrad (shown on the left, see the biography section for the 1960 post on Rocky and His Friends) plays outlaw Frank Banter. Don Eitner (Dr.
Richard Winfield on Dynasty) plays
henchman Stark.
Season 3, Episode 29, "The
Kidnapping": Leo Gordon (Big Mike McComb on Maverick) plays bank robber Ben Jensen. Tony Young (Cord on Gunslinger) plays his accomplice Todd.
Don Eitner (Dr. Richard Winfield on Dynasty)
plays henchman Stark.
Season 3, Episode 31, "The
Fortune": Charles Aidman (narrator on the 1985-87 version of The Twilight Zone) plays escaped convict
Chuck Eggleston.
Season 3, Episode 32, "The
Innocent Man": John Doucette (shown on the right, see the biography section for the 1960 post
on Lock Up) plays Sonoita Sheriff Eli
Parsons. Ron Hayes (see the biography section for the 1960 post on Bat Masterson) plays his deputy Hank
McQueen. Guy Stockwell (Chris Parker on Adventures
in Paradise) plays escaped convict Tom Holden. Ken Mayer (Maj. Robbie
Robertson on Space Patrol) plays
escaped convict Callahan. Barney Elmore (Chauffeur Parkins on The Beverly Hillbillies) plays escaped
convict Seth Wheeler. Anne Dore (actress who doubled for Anthony Perkins in the
shower stabbing scene in Psycho)
plays an unnamed mine owner.
Season 3, Episode 34, "The
Return of Kansas Joe": Robert F. Simon (shown on the left, see "The Governor"
above) returns as Governor Armstrong. Warren Stevens (starred in The Frogmen, The Barefoot Contessa, Deadline
U.S.A., and Forbidden Planet,
played Lt. William Storm on Tales of the
77th Bengal Lancers, and was the voice of John Bracken on Bracken's World) plays Lt. Governor
Owens. Ed Nelson (Michael Rossi on Peyton
Place and Ward Fuller on The Silent
Force) plays ex-convict Kansas Joe Barton.
Season 3, Episode 35,
"Betrayal": Robert Gist (directed multiple episodes of Peter Gunn, Naked City, and The Richard
Boone Show and was Agnes Moorehead's second husband) plays wounded bank
robber Lafe Jackson. Forrest Lewis (Mr. Peavey on The Great Gildersleeve) plays rancher Jeb Collins.
Season 3, Episode 36, "The
Treaty": Dehl Berti (Vittorio on Buck
James and John Taylor on Guns of
Paradise) plays Apache renegade Manitou. John Gallaudet (Chamberlain on Mayor of the Town, Judge Penner on Perry Mason, and Bob Anderson on My Three Sons) plays U.S. Army Capt.
MacIntyre.
Season 3, Episode 38, "The
Injury": Dyan Cannon (shown on the right, starred in Bob
& Carol & Ted & Alice, Shamus,
Heaven Can Wait, Revenge of the Pink Panther, and Deathtrap and played Judge Jennifer Cone on Ally McBeal and Ally and
Honey Bernstein-Flynn on Three Sisters)
plays Hollister's girlfriend Tracy Travers. Willis Bouchey (Mayor Terwilliger
on The Great Gildersleeve, Springer
on Pete and Gladys, and the judge 23
times on Perry Mason) plays her
father. Marshall Reed (Inspector Fred Asher on The Lineup) plays vengeful brother Ed Keel.
Season 3, Episode 39, "Crime
Epidemic": Denver Pyle (Ben Thompson on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Grandpa Tarleton on Tammy, Briscoe Darling on The Andy Griffith Show, Buck Webb on The Doris Day Show, Mad Jack on The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams, and
Uncle Jesse on The Dukes of Hazzard)
plays rancher Will Gunther. Ralph Taeger (Mike Halliday on Klondike, Patrick Malone on Acapulco,
and Hondo Lane on Hondo) plays bank
robber Horn Burnett.
Season 3, Episode 40, "Juan
Diega": Gregory Walcott (shown on the left, see the biography section for the 1961 post on 87th Precinct) plays notorious criminal
Bert Taggert. Roberto Contreras (Pedro on The
High Chapparal) plays Diega henchman Vincente.